
The ability of Ukraine’s armed forces to hold back the Russian invasion of February 2022 has provided a stunning show of bravery and determination on the part of Kyiv’s armed forces. Since the early days of the conflict, the outnumbered Ukrainian military has fought against Russian armed forces equipped with the most modern hardware that Moscow’s industry could turn out.
Nowhere has the disparity between the technological capability of the two sides appeared more pronounced than in air combat. Russia’s Aerospace Forces (VKS) have sent waves of Sukhoi Su-35s—what the Russians designate as a “4++ generation fighter—and the Su-34 regional attack aircraft and bomber, the most expensive tactical aircraft in Russia’s arsenal. Ukrainian cities have suffered poundings with air-launched missile strikes delivered from the VKS’s fleet of Tupolev Tu-22M3, Tu-95, and Tu-160 bomber aircraft.