A lifelong aviation enthusiast who joined&nbsp;AIN&nbsp;in 2007, Curt came to&nbsp;the publication&nbsp;from the broadcast industry where he was a national science and technology television reporter and producer. He writes on the FBO field, aviation finance, and sustainable aviation and occasionally contributes to&nbsp;AIN&nbsp;sister publication&nbsp;Business Jet Traveler. Curt was a member of the AINtv reporting staff that won the 2008 Aerospace Journalist of the Year award for Best Airshow Daily. That same year, he was a finalist for another AJOYA award. He earned an AJOYA for Best Business Aviation Submission in 2018 and was a finalist in that category in 2021. He received the National Air Transportation Association’s&nbsp; Aviation Journalist Award in 2012 and won a Pegasus Sapphire Business Aviation Award for outstanding journalism in 2021.
Before joining AIN, Curt worked with&nbsp;Consumer Reports’ television division, CRTV, and for several local television news staffs. An honors graduate of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, he earned a master’s degree in broadcast journalism from Boston University in 1995. Curt lives in New York State with his wife and two young sons.

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Curt Epstein

中国公务机的数量持续稳定增长，技术精湛的飞行员却十分短缺，而在飞行学校或者航空培训机构接受飞行员培训的人员中，几乎所有人都是面向商业航空业。据中国航空咨询公司Jackson Rosenberg的联合创始人和执行董事Christopher Jackson透露，中国的飞行员培训计划是，5名飞行员服务一架服役的公务机。他还认为，在短中期时间内，中国还需要另外增加数以千计的公务机飞行员。


中国公务机飞行员紧缺，再加上相关管理规定限制在中国工作的外籍飞行员的人数，这两大因素为大型培训机构创造了良好的契机。这些培训机构纷纷响应市场需求，为飞行员提供本地的专门的飞行培训。其中，瞄准中国市场的公司有世界最大的航空培训机构： 美国飞安国际公司（U.S. FlightSafty International）和加拿大航空公司（CAE）。


2012年2月，美国飞安国际公司(以下简称“飞安国际”，展位号：P1304) 的湾流G450/G550飞行模拟器获得了美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）和中国民用航空局（CAAC）的认证。接着，飞安国际在中国启动了首个公务机航空培训项目。湾流G450/G550飞行模拟器安装在飞安国际的飞行员培训设施中，而飞行员培训设施的场地是从国泰航空有限公司租来的，位于香港国际机场。


“这是一个很好的学习经历”，飞安国际的高级副总裁David Davenport表示，“自从这个培训中心成立以来，我们的情况月月见好。接受培训的飞行员也认识到，在这里与在美国享受的是同等质量的培训。”


过去的一年里，培训人员发现，这里使用的飞行模拟器可以和位于美国的培训中心所使用的设备相媲美。因此，该中心吸引了许多飞行员来此培训，他们有的来自香港商务航空公司、香港迈特捷航空、金鹿公务航空有限公司、北京大白熊商务航空有限公司等本地公司，有的来自马来西亚和新加坡的航空公司。


这些航空公司的飞行员来到位于世界的另一端的培训中心接受培训，面临着诸多挑战，而沟通就是其一。Daveport在接受《国际航空新闻》的采访时说：“在项目成立之初，你会认为，还没等问题发生，你就会认识到这些问题并将其解决。不过，各种各样的问题不停地出现。另外，时差或许是最大的挑战。”该项目的培训师主要是美国飞安国际公司派出的经验丰富的雇员，他们初期在香港工作两年。Davenport强调说：“不管这些培训师是在美国工作还是在香港工作，他们所面临的语言障碍基本相同。”不论是哪种情况，都需要口译服务。


本地培训师


去年夏天，飞安国际为该项目聘用了两名中国籍的培训师，而几名目前旅居香港的外籍培训师表示他们愿意留在香港继续任教两年。Davenport表示，招募和聘用中国教练的这一趋势还将持续下去。


据该公司相关人员表示，公司打算在香港的培训中心添置更多的飞行模拟器，还有可能将培训中心扩展到中国大陆。“我们还处于试验阶段”Davenport表示，“我们当然知道中国大陆对飞行员的需求在日益增大，目前我们正忙于一些商业活动来解决这一问题。”


与此同时，飞机的维护培训几乎占飞安国际在中国地区的培训项目的三分之一。飞安国际和普拉特·霍特尼加拿大公司（Pratt &amp; Whitney Canada）签署了一份协议，并已在北京、新加坡和澳大利亚的布里斯班提供发动机维护培训。今年年底，该公司打算公布一项关于在北京提供湾流飞行模拟器培训的协议。


加拿大航空公司在上海东方航空培训中心建立了一个航空培训中心，首次进军亚洲公务航空培训市场。近期，该培训中心的湾流G450/G550飞行模拟器获得了中国民用航空局的认证。在此之前，该飞行模拟器已获得美国联邦航空管理局的认证。“有时你会听到别人说，在中国做生意极具挑战性，获得认证也不容易。不过，我们在中国所碰到的困难，在其他地方也都遇到过。”加拿大航空公司刚任命不久的总裁兼总经理Rob Lewis说道。Rob Lewis负责公务航空、直升机和维护培训。他还说：“在我看来，在中国获得认证的程序，和获得美国航空管理局或欧洲航空安全管理局的认证其程序都差不多。”


翻译版本的培训材料


加拿大航空公司（展位号：P1012）目前已在8个国家建立了商务航空培训中心。该公司打算在中国大陆开展首个公务航空培训项目之前，已将其培训课程材料翻译成中文，并已获得批准。Lewis在接受《国际航空新闻》的采访时说：“在所有其他地方，我们的培训材料都是英文的，不过为了获得中国民用航空局的认证，材料必须是中文的。”他还强调说：“有时根据客户的要求，我们还需要在教师里配备一名口译人员。不过，中国是首个我们将培训材料翻译成当地语言的国家。据Lewis透露，考虑到这些材料的高度精准性和技术性，翻译培训材料花了几个月时间，实在是极具挑战性。“你不仅需要一个人来翻译这些材料，你还需要一个会说中文，同时对湾流飞机的操作富有经验的人来审阅译文，然后说：‘很好，翻译得很正确。’”


在中国境外的加拿大航空公司的湾流G450/G550飞行模拟器同样也获得了中国民用航空局的认证，不过培训材料却是英文的。


加拿大航空公司面临的另一难题就是寻找高资历的培训人员。“在中国，一个培训师需要有100小时的教学经验，才有资格教学，而要找到一个既有100小时的教学经验，又愿意教学而不再执行飞行任务，同时还会说中文的人，非常困难。”


很显然，在拓展亚洲市场的业务方面，加拿大航空公司自有安排。目前，正在建设的是庞巴迪环球快车和达索猎鹰7X三引擎喷气机的飞行模拟器，其培训基地目前尚未确定。前不久，该公司在珠海建立了一个斯科斯基S-76C++直升飞机的飞行模拟器，该模拟器成为中国大陆首个D级全动力的直升机飞行模拟器。


对于双方的制造商而言，飞行模拟器落地中国意味着亚洲的飞行员以后接受培训将更加便捷。此前，亚洲的飞行员需要到迪拜、欧洲或美国接受培训。


展望未来，鉴于亚洲客户更钟情于新的、大舱体的飞机，Lewis预测，加拿大航空公司将会在中国建立一个公务航空培训中心。这个中心与该公司在迪拜、莫里斯敦或新泽西所建的培训中心相似，并且配备了现有的几种机型的飞行模拟器。Lewis说：“针对未来十年中国市场的飞机规模，培训中心需要配备8-10种机型的飞行模拟器。这样一来，在亚洲的飞行员就可以在亚洲获得机型级别证书，同时还可以在亚洲接受复训。”

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