Bill Carey

Federal agencies have asked Congress to change laws that prevent law enforcement departments from taking down small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) that present a threat, according to a senior official with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The push comes as the Department of Defense (DOD) has issued guidance allowing military installations to destroy rogue drones.

 


Interagency working groups advising the White House National Security Council (NSC) have recommended changes to Title 18, the federal criminal code, and specifically to federal wiretap and pen register laws, said Anh Duong, UAS program executive officer with the DHS Science and Technology directorate.

 


“Technology is really not the long pole in the tent; it’s laws and regulations,” Duong said September 7, during a panel presentation at the InterDrone conference in Las Vegas. “Many years ago, when we wrote those laws, when [Congress] passed those laws, we never anticipated something that will one day fly in the air and be both an aircraft and a flying laptop. We’re running [up] against statutes and laws and regulations that restrict the ability of law enforcement to counter drones, so we need to fix those laws.”

 


The Wiretap Act prevents law enforcement departments from intercepting “wire, oral or electronic” communications without a court order; the pen register law prevents the use of pen register or “trap and trace” devices that trace telephone calls, including cellular communications. Loosening those restrictions would allow a DHS law enforcement branch such as the U.S. Secret Service to disrupt or disable the radio frequency link between a drone and its operator—euphemistically to “mitigate” a perceived threat. Title 18, Section 32 prohibits damaging or destroying an aircraft.

 


Duong said the counter-UAS technology working group she co-chairs with the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has joined with a Department of Justice working group that also advises the NSC to ask Congress to amend federal laws.

 


“We have a joint interagency proposal at [Congress], to propose certain changes so that we can give adequate authority to law enforcement for countering UAS,” she told AIN. “We are talking about two things: whether a particular law enforcement entity has authority to counter UAS and even if that entity does, what kind of technology can [it] use? Certain technologies are illegal because of the Wiretap Act and the pen register act.”

 


Duong added: “The most effective counter-drone technology in order to detect and then do something about it is basically take over the communication between the drone and the ground controller in order to tell it to do something else, and we’re not allowed to do that because it’s like hacking into somebody else’s computer. To be frank, the most effective technologies are the ones that are illegal.”&nbsp;

 


Domestic federal agencies are advancing counter-drone systems and strategies in concert with the DOD. In April, the Federal Aviation Administration announced the <a href="http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-04-12/faa-pentagon-prohibit-drone-flights-over-us-military-sites">creation of no-drone zones over 133 U.S. military facilities</a>, citing a “Special Security Instructions” regulation applying to air defense identification zones. Last month, the DOD said it had issued new guidance to the military services and installations permitting them to track, disable or destroy drones deemed to be threats. The guidance, sent on August 4, followed classified guidance sent to installations in July.

 


“We support civilian law enforcement investigations in the prosecution of unauthorized UAS operations over military installations, and though we do not discuss specific force-protection measures, we of course retain the right of self-defense,” Navy Capt. Jeff Davis, a Pentagon spokesman, stated August 7. “And when it comes to UAS or drones operating over military installations, this new guidance does afford us the ability to take action to stop those threats.”

 


During another panel discussion at InterDrone, Gregory Walden, chief aviation counsel with the Small UAV Coalition, said federal law enforcement concern over rogue drones has caused an “informal hold” on the promulgation of new regulations such as allowing flights over people and beyond the pilot’s visual line of sight—rules considered essential for the commercial drone industry to grow. Duong acknowledged the bottleneck in her remarks.

 


“It is our ultimate goal and our priority to expedite the integration of UAS into our national airspace safely, securely and reliably,” Duong said. “We also need technologies to counter nefarious use of drones… With our laws, with our regulations, we will never be able to open the sky for full business and leisure like we could have. The government is not in a position to open up the sky for full business yet.

 


“We need [Congress] to help us here,” she added. “We need to have these laws change so that we can open our skies for business.”

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